It might be represented in this manner…
1) On the left- Rotation alternated in both directions
2 and 3) On the right- Rotations repeated on the same side in one direction
The black circle represents our Spine. It rotates, but it does not move (as emphasized by the violet dot- our true “Center”). The Red/Blue dots give us an orientation from which to observe Rotation.
The Green/Yellow lines, representing the Arms, demonstrate drawing the Elbow in and extending outward through the Hand.